OSA (FiO/LS) 2015 Takumi Kato

Research

2015 OSA (FIO/LS) Homecoming Report

Takumi Kato

1. Outline

On October 18-22, I attended Frontiers in Optics 2015 organized by the Optical Society of America. It was the first time in three years since I attended the conference in 2012. Unlike domestic conferences, there were many reports in the field of micro optical resonators, so I went to many sessions to investigate the latest research trends, and I learned a lot from invited lectures by famous researchers such as Vuckovic of Stanford University and Faist of ETH. There were also some researchers whom I knew, such as Prof. Morandotti's group at INRS and Prof. Nic Chormaic's group at OIST, whom I had met in Canada, and I noticed that there were some fixed members attending the conference even though it was an international conference. I felt that I would like to continue to actively contribute to international conferences in the future so that the Tanabe Lab will become such a presence for them as well.

2. Regarding your presentation

FTu2E gave an oral presentation titled "Influence of Raman scattering on Kerr frequency comb in a silica toroidal microcavity," which was the same as the one at the Japan Society of Applied Physics in September. The content of the presentation was the same as the one given in September at the Japan Society of Applied Physics, but I felt that I gave a better presentation this time, even though it was given in English. The following two questions were raised.

  • If the FSR is tens of GHz, is four-wave mixing dominant for Raman scattering?
  • Regarding the computational parameters of the simulation.

It was found that it would be very easy to understand if data with parameters such as dispersion and nonlinear coefficients were available to clearly show whether four-wave mixing or Raman scattering dominates when the FSR is large enough.

3. Research Trend Survey

Related to Kerr frequency comb
FM1D.2 Stabilized on-chip optical frequency combs *UCLA Chee Wei Wong et al.
Report on comb generation using SiN rings. Although there have been many studies on the stabilization of car comb, it has not been an on-chip proposition. In this study, a small car comb (several tens of GHz) with FSR was generated, and high stability was obtained while interfering with menlo's fiber comb. The fact that the UCLA group presented a car comb was more noteworthy than the content of the paper.

FM2D.3 Towards Automated Deterministic Comb Generation in Microresonators: Overcoming Thermal shift *Purdue Univ. Weiner et al.
This is a report on how to lead a CURCOM to a soliton state without fail. The authors focused on the fact that the oscillation of the internal power of the resonator in the chaotic state makes the subsequent state uncertain, and investigated the conditions under which the soliton state can be achieved while avoiding the chaotic state. Since thermo-optic effects were not included in the simulation, we focused on how to avoid the effects of thermo-optic effects in the experiment.

FTu3E.2 Quantum cascade laser Kerr frequency comb generation *EPFL Kippenberg et al.
A report on a car comb aiming at a comb light source in the mid-infrared band. The resonator is MgF2Resonator. The pump light is a quantum cascade laser. The evanescent coupler is a chalcogenide fiber. The SiN ring method is also being studied, and they are also working on some modifications to adapt it to the mid-infrared band, but no experimental results have been obtained yet.

FW3C.1 Broadband Frequency Combs on a Photonic Chip Using Soliton Induced Cherenkov Radiation *EPFL Kippenberg et al.
A report on car comb using SiN ring. The content of the presentation was very typical in the field of carcom, such as realization of broadband comb using dispersive waves, absolute measurement of carrier-envelope-offset using 2f-3f, etc. The most interesting part of the presentation was the collapse of spectra due to mode crossing. The most interesting topic was the collapse of the spectrum due to mode crossing. For example, even if an ideal soliton is obtained when only the first-order mode of TE is considered, the spectrum will collapse if some longitudinal mode crosses with the second-order mode of TE. Therefore, the design should avoid mode crossing as much as possible. On the other hand, for dispersion design, it is not possible to stick to the single-mode condition, for example, by making the waveguide wider, so it is recognized that mode crossing is unavoidable to some extent. It is said that experimental research is being conducted to create single-mode conditions by thinning a portion of the waveguide. Theoretically, only single-mode crossings will exist, just like in tapered fibers. If the same phenomenon occurs as in tapered fibers, it may lead to the atomic trapping using broad evanescent light and the generation of single photons from them, which are also being studied using tapered fibers.

FW6C.5 Octave-spanning microcavity Kerr frequency combs with harmonic dispersive-wave emission on a silicon chip *NIST Diddams, Papp, Srinivasan et al.
A post-deadline presentation, which I could not attend, reports on the observation of a comb with a dispersion range of 1~2 µm using a SiN ring. One of the innovations is that the wavelengths at which dispersive-waves are generated are designed to be around 1 µm and 2 µm. Another innovation is the tuning of the coupling between the waveguide and the resonator. Normally, only the coupling at the pump wavelength is considered, while other wavelengths tend to be ignored. In fact, we have observed a combs with a spread of 1~2 µm with a 1550 nm pump, but it seems that soliton formation has not yet been achieved.

4. Other

FM2D.1 Low Power Nonlinear Optics in Nanophotonic Structures *Stanford Vuckovic
The research on DFG using χ(2) in GaAs nanobeams is introduced, and it is said that DFG can be generated efficiently by fabricating GaAs crystal surfaces in an ingenious way. Photon blockade ⇔ Photon induced tunneling and other single photon level research. While he introduced some of the more conventional nanophotonics research, such as that using photonic crystal structures, he contrasted it with research that breaks with the conventional style, such as that reported in Nature Photonics in 2015, which drew laughter from the audience. However, such designs using optimization algorithms may become the center of nanophotonics in the future.
Inverse design and demonstration of a compact and broadband on-chip wavelength demultiplexer, Alexander Y. Piggott, Jesse Lu, Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis, Jan Petykiewicz, Thomas M. Babinec, and Jelena Vučković, Nature Photonics (2015) (arXiv:1504.00095)

FM2D.5 Ultra-narrowband tunable microwave filter created by stimulated Brillouin scattering *Sydney Eggleton et al.
Study using Forward Brillouin scattering. What is interesting about this research is the device. However, the efficiency of Brillouin scattering, which is an interaction between acoustic waves and silicon nanowires, cannot be increased if silicon nanowires are in contact with a substrate. In this study, a silica pillar structure is adopted. This prevents phonon leakage and ensures a strong interaction between the optical mode and the phonon mode. However, from the viewpoint of the photonic crystal field, the solution of an air-bridge structure is immediately apparent. I think I have read about an attempt to actually use air bridges. This report made me feel that breakthroughs can be made in the same field of photonics by changing the direction a little.

FTu3E.1 Mid-infrared and THz Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs ETH Faist
Tutorial on quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by Faist: I did not understand the design of QCLs at all, but it is clear that they are aimed at the mid-infrared to terahertz region. I personally felt that it would be desirable to develop such research using QCLs, without competing with the QCL field. In this sense, using QCL as a light source to generate car combs in the mid-infrared band seems to be legitimate.

FW3E.6 Silicon NanoDimers for Magnetic and Electric Field Hotspots *Data Storage Institute, Singapore
It is well known that when gold and other metals are brought into close proximity in a nanogap, a strong electric field is generated in the gap due to plasmons. While research on electric fields has been widely conducted, research on magnetic fields has been scarce. In this study, we analyze and experiment the electric and magnetic fields generated when dielectric materials (silicon) are brought close together in a nanogap. Depending on the polarization of the excitation light, either the electric dipole or the magnetic dipole is excited.